Metabolomics Approach to Reveal the Effects of Ocean Acidification on the Toxicity of Harmful Microalgae: A Review of the Literature

Climate change has been associated with intensified harmful algal blooms (HABs). Some microalgae produce toxins that accumulate in food webs, adversely affecting the environment, public health and economy. Ocean acidification (OA) is a major consequence of high anthropogenic CO2 emissions. The carbon chemistry pH aquatic ecosystems have significantly altered as result. impacts climate on metabolisms microalgae, especially toxin biosynthesis, remain largely unknown. This hinders optimization HAB mitigation for changed conditions. To bridge this knowledge gap, previous studies effects ocean biosynthesis were reviewed. There was no solid conclusion toxicity saxitoxin-producing dinoflagellates from genus Alexandrium after treatment. Increased domoic acid content observed diatom Pseudo-nitzschia. brevetoxin Karenia brevis remained unchanged. underlying regulatory mechanisms account different levels not elucidated. Metabolic flux analysis useful investigating allocations toxic under OA revealing related metabolic pathways biosynthesis. Gaining responses conditions will allow better risk assessment HABs future.